Ko te tikanga whakahaora matū he tikanga tuku iho mo te whakarite kauwhata whakawhanui. I roto i tenei tikanga, ka konatunatuahia te kauwhata tawerewere maaori ki te waikura tika me te kaihoko intercalating, ka whakahaeretia i tetahi pāmahana, ka oho tonu, ka horoia, ka tātarihia ka whakamaroke kia whiwhi kauwhata whakawhanui. Ko te tikanga whakangao matū he tikanga tino pakeke i roto i te umanga me nga painga o nga taputapu ngawari, ngawari te mahi me te utu iti.
Ko nga takahanga o te tukanga o te waikura matū ko te oxidation me te intercalation.The oxidation of graphite is the basic conditions for the formation of expandable graphite, because if the intercalation reaction can proceed smoothly tei runga i te tohu o te whakatuwheratanga i waenganui i nga paparanga kauwhata.Me te graphite taiao i te ruma He pai te pumau o te pāmahana me te aukati waikawa me te kawakore, na reira karekau e tauhohe ki te waikawa me te kawakawa, na reira, ko te taapiri o te waikura kua waiho hei waahanga matua mo te waiora matū.
He maha nga momo oxidants, te nuinga o nga mea ka whakamahia he waikura totoka (pērā i te pāhare pāporo, te pāhare pāporo dichromate, te chromium trioxide, te pāhare pāhare pāporo, me ētahi atu), ka taea hoki etahi hāora wai hāora (pērā i te hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, etc. ). Ka kitea i roto i nga tau tata nei ko te pāhare pāporo te hāora matua e whakamahia ana ki te whakarite kauwhata whakawhanui.
I raro i te mahi a te oxidizer, ka whakapourihia te kauwhata, ka noho ko nga macromolecules kupenga i roto i te paparanga kauwhata hei macromolecules mahere me te utu pai. Na te kino kino o te utu pai ano, ka piki te tawhiti i waenga i nga paparanga kauwhata, e whakarato ana i te hongere me te waahi mo te kaiwawao kia uru pai ki te paparanga kauwhata. I roto i te whakaritenga o te kauwhata whakawhanui, he waikawa te nuinga o te kaihoko intercalating. I nga tau tata nei, ka whakamahia e nga kairangahau te waikawa pungatara, te waikawa nitric, te waikawa phosphoric, te waikawa perchloric, te waikawa whakauru me te waikawa acettic glacial.
Ko te tikanga hiko i roto i te naianei tonu, me te wairewa wai o te whakauru i te mea ko te electrolyte, te kauwhata me nga mea whakarewa (nga mea kowiri tira, pereti konukawata, pereti mata, pereti titanium, me etahi atu) he anode hiato, he mea whakarewa kua whakauruhia ki roto i te te electrolyte hei cathode, ka hanga i te katinga kati; Ranei te graphite iri i roto i te electrolyte, i roto i te electrolyte i te wa ano whakaurua i roto i te pereti tōraro, me te pai, i roto i te electrodes e rua he tikanga kaha, hāora anodic. Ko te mata o te kauwhata ka waikura ki te warowaihā. I te wa ano, i raro i te mahi whakakotahi o te kukume hiko me te rereketanga o te rereketanga o te kukū, ka whakauruhia nga katote waikawa me etahi atu katote intercalant polar ki waenga i nga paparanga kauwhata hei hanga i te kauwhata whakawhanui.
Ka whakatauritea ki te tikanga whakamaarama matū, ko te tikanga hiko mo te whakarite i te kauwhata whakawhanui i roto i te mahi katoa me te kore te whakamahi i te oxidant, he nui te nui o te maimoatanga, he iti te toenga o nga matū pirau, ka taea te recycled te electrolyte i muri i te tauhohenga, ka heke te nui o te waikawa, ka penapena te utu, ka heke te parahanga o te taiao, ka iti te kino o nga taputapu, ka roa te ora o te ratonga. he maha nga umanga me nga painga maha.
Ko te tikanga whakamaarama hau-waahanga ko te whakaputa i te kauwhata whakawhanui ma te whakapiri atu ki te kaiwawao me te graphite i roto i te ahua hau me te tauhohenga intercalating. I te nuinga o te waa, ka whakanohohia te kauwhata me te whakauru ki nga pito e rua o te reactor karaihe wera-wera, ka pupuhihia te korehau, hiritia, no reira ka mohiotia ano ko te tikanga rua-ruma.Ka whakamahia tenei tikanga ki te whakakotahi i te halide -EG me te whakarewa alkali -EG i roto i te ahumahi.
Painga: ka taea te whakahaere i te hanganga me te raupapa o te reactor, a ka ngawari te wehe i nga reactants me nga hua.
Raruraru: he uaua ake te taputapu tauhohenga, he uaua ake te mahi, na reira he iti te whakaputanga, a ko te tauhohenga ka mahia i raro i nga tikanga teitei o te pāmahana, he roa ake te waa, he tino tiketike nga tikanga tauhohenga, me te taiao whakarite. kia korehau, no reira he nui te utu whakangao, kaore e pai mo nga tono whakaputa nui.
Ko te tikanga o te wahanga wai whakauru ko te whakakotahi tika i nga mea kua whakauruhia ki te kauwhata, i raro i te maru o te neke o te hau koretake, te punaha hiri ranei mo te tauhohenga whakamahana ki te whakarite kauwhata whakawhanui. Kei te whakamahia nuitia mo te whakahiatotanga o nga pūhui interlaminar alkali whakarewa-graphite (GICs).
Painga: He ngawari te tukanga tauhohenga, he tere te tere o te tauhohenga, ma te huri i te tauwehenga o nga rauemi mata graphite me nga whakaurunga ka tae ki tetahi hanganga me te hanganga o te graphite whakawhanui, he pai ake mo te hanga papatipu.
Raruraru: Ko te hua i hanga he kore iu, he uaua ki te mahi ki te matū whakauru kore utu e piri ana ki te mata o GICs, a he uaua ki te whakarite i te rite o te graphite interlamellar pūhui ina he maha o te kōtuitanga.
Ko te tikanga rewa ko te whakaranu i te graphite me nga rauemi intercalating me te wera ki te whakarite graphite whakawhanui.I runga i te meka ka taea e nga waahanga eutectic te whakaheke i te waahi whakarewa o te punaha (i raro iho i te ira whakarewa o ia waahanga), he tikanga mo te whakarite GIC ternary, multicomponent ranei ma te whakauru i nga matū e rua, neke atu ranei (me kaha ki te hanga i te punaha tote whakarewa) i waenga i nga paparanga kauwhata i te wa kotahi.
Painga: Ko te hua whakahiato he pai te pumau, he ngawari ki te horoi, he taputapu tauhohenga ngawari, he iti te pāmahana tauhohenga, he wa poto, he pai mo te hanga nui.
Nga ngoikoretanga: he uaua ki te whakahaere i te raupapa ota me te hanganga o te hua i roto i te tukanga tauhohenga, a he uaua ki te whakarite i te rite o te raupapa ota me te hanganga o te hua i roto i te kohinga papatipu.
Ko te tikanga pehanga ko te whakaranu i te matrix graphite me te whakarewa whenua kawakore me te paura whakarewa whenua onge ka tauhohe ki te whakaputa M-GICS i raro i nga tikanga pehanga.
Nga ngoikoretanga: Ka eke noa te pehanga kohu o te konganuku ki runga ake i tetahi paepae, ka taea te tauhohenga whakaurunga; Heoi, he tiketike rawa te pāmahana, he ngawari ki te hanga i te whakarewa me te graphite ki te hanga carbide, te tauhohenga kino, na me whakarite te pāmahana tauhohenga i roto i tetahi awhe.Ko te pāmahana whakauru o nga konganuku whenua onge he tino tiketike, no reira me tono te pehanga ki whakaitihia te pāmahana tauhohenga.He pai tenei tikanga mo te whakarite i te whakarewa-GICS me te iti o te waahi whakarewa, engari he uaua te taputapu, he tino uaua nga whakaritenga mahi, no reira kaore e whakamahia ana inaianei.
Ko te tikanga pahū ka whakamahi i te kauwhata me te kaihoko roha penei i te KClO4, Mg(ClO4)2·nH2O, Zn(NO3)2·nH2O pyropyros me ngā ranunga kua oti te whakarite, ka werahia, ka graphite te hāora me te tauhohenga tauhohenga tauhohenga pūhui cambium, katahi ka whakawhänuitia i roto i te "pahū" ara, na te whiwhi graphite whakawhānui.When whakamahia tote whakarewa te rite kaihoko roha, he uaua ake te hua, e kore anake kua whakawhānui graphite, engari whakarewa hoki.
