Mo te kitenga me te whakamahi i te kauwhata tawerewere, he keehi kua tino tuhia, i te mea ko te pukapuka Shuijing Zhu te pukapuka tuatahi, i kii "he maunga kauwhata kei te taha o te awa o Luoshui". He pango katoa nga toka, no reira he iti noa nga pukapuka, no reira e rongonui ana mo te kauwhata. ” E ai ki nga kitenga whaipara tangata, neke atu i te 3,000 tau ki muri i te Shang Dynasty, i whakamahia e Haina te graphite ki te tuhi i nga tohu, i roa tae noa ki te mutunga o te Rawhiti o Han Dynasty (AD 220). Ko te graphite hei waituhi pukapuka i whakakapihia ki te waituhi tupeka paina. I te wa o Daoguang o te Qing Dynasty (AD 1821-1850), ko nga kaiahuwhenua o Chenzhou, te Porowini o Hunan i kena te kauwhata tawerewere hei wahie, i kiia ko te "wao hinu".
Ko te ingoa Ingarihi o Graphite i ahu mai i te kupu Kariki "graphite in", ko te tikanga "ki te tuhi". I te tau 1789 i whakaingoatia e te Tiamana kaimoana me te kohuke kohuke a AGWerner.
Ko te tātai rāpoi o te kauwhata tawerewere he C me tōna taumaha rāpoi he 12.01. Ko te kauwhata taiao he pango rino me te hina hina, me nga koiri pango kanapa, te kanapa me te puatakore. No te karaehe o nga tioata hexagonal biconical matatini, he tioata pereti hexagonal. Kei roto i nga ahua ngawari noa nga taha-rua whakarara, he hexagonal biconical me te hexagonal pou, engari he onge te ahua o te karaihe mau tonu, a, i te nuinga o te wa he kirikiri, he pereti te ahua. Tawhā: a0=0.246nm, c0=0.670nm He hanganga paparanga angamaheni, he mea whakarite nga ngota waro ki nga paparanga, ka hono rite ia waro ki te waro patata, me te waro o ia paparanga kua whakaritea ki te mowhiti hexagonal. Ko nga mowhiti hexagonal o te waro kei runga me te taha o raro o nga paparanga tata ka nukuhia ki te ahunga whakarara ki te papa mata katahi ka tapae kia hanga he anga paparanga. Ko nga ahunga rereke me nga tawhiti o te nekehanga ka arahi ki nga hanganga polymorphic rereke. Ko te tawhiti i waenga i nga ngota waro o te papa o runga me o raro he nui ake i tera i waenga i nga ngota waro i te paparanga kotahi (CC mokowā i roto i nga paparanga =0.142nm, CC mokowā i waenganui i nga paparanga =0.340nm). 2.09-2.23 te taumaha motuhake me te 5-10m2/g te horahanga mata motuhake. He anisotropic te pakeke, he 3-5 te rererangi wehenga poutū, he 1-2 te rererangi wehenga whakarara. He kirikiri, pupiripia me te oneone nga kohinga. He pai te kawe hiko me te waiariki o te graphite flake. Ko nga tawerewere kohuke he puatakore i raro i te marama tuku, ko nga tawerewere tino angiangi he maama kaakaariki-hina, uniaxial, me te taupū whakaahuru o 1.93 ~ 2.07. I raro i te marama e whakaatahia ana, he maama parauri-hina, he marama te whakaata i te tae maha, Ro hina me te parauri, Re pouri puru hina, whakaata Ro23 (whero), Re5.5 (whero), kitea te tae whakaata me te whakaata rua, te rerekee me te polarization. . Ko nga tohu tohu: he pango rino, he iti te pakeke, he roopu tino mawehe, he ngawari, he pahekeheke, he ngawari ki te poke nga ringa. Mēnā ka utaina ngā matūriki konutea i mākūhia e te wairewa pūkawa ngāwha konukura ki runga kauwhata, ka taea te whakaheke i nga waahi konukawata, ko te molybdenite e rite ana ki a ia kaore he tauhohenga pera.
Ko te graphite he allotrope o te waro huānga (ko etahi atu allotropes he taimana, waro 60, waro nanotubes me te graphene), a ko te taha o ia ngota waro e hono ana ki etahi atu ngota waro e toru (he maha o nga hexagons kua whakaritea ki te ahua o te honikoma) ki te hanga covalent. ngota ngota. I te mea ka tukuna e ia ngota waro he irahiko, ka taea e aua irahiko te neke noa, no reira ko te kauwhata tawerewere he kawe hiko. Ko te rererangi o te wehenga e kaha ana ki nga here ngota, he ngoikore te kukume ki nga ngota ngota, no reira he pai rawa atu te rere o te taiao. Na te ahua honohono motuhake o te kauwhata tawerewere, kare e taea e matou te whakaaro ko te kauwhata tawerewere he karaihe kotahi, he polycrystal ranei. Inaianei e kiia ana ko te kauwhata tawerewere he momo karaihe whakauru.
Wā tuku: Noema-04-2022